Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63343-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heart rate and complexity of ECG strips obtained using different coarse-graining and complexity estimation techniques. ( a ) Heart rate of the analysed ECG strips. ( b ) Complexity of ECG strips processed using threshold-crossing coarse-graining technique. Mean values for the groups indicated by horizontal bars in all panels. ( c , d ) Complexity of ECG strips processed using beat- detection and feature detection coarse-graining techniques. ( e ) Receiver operating curve analysis for the LZ76 and Titchener complexity-based detection of PAF using the threshold crossing coarse-graining. ( f ) Receiver operating curve analysis for the LZ76 and Titchener complexity-based detection of PAF using the feature detection coarse-graining.

Article Snippet: Horses were atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63343-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dependence of ECG complexity obtained by different estimators and different coarse-graining techniques on the heart rate. ( a ) Beat-detection coarse-graining. ( b ) Feature-detection coarse graining. In both graphs thin lines show the linear fit for the entire data set provided by a cohort (controls n = 240, cases n = 206); dashed line shows the suggested threshold to differentiate PAF cases and controls. Threshold-crossing data not shown due to the weak correlation between the heart rate and complexity(r < 0.5). ( c ) Heart rates in the analysed ECG strips.

Article Snippet: Horses were atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63343-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methods of equine ECG coarse-graining. ( a ) Cardinal points selected for complexity analysis. The greyed part of the plot shows a typical part of the ECG that was rejected for low signal quality. ( b ) Coarse-graining methods used for complexity analysis: TC - threshold crossing; BD - beat detection; FD - feature detection. Zero values are shown as white bars, unitary values as black or coloured bars. Note that the FD method captures significantly more information on the waveform shape than BD while being less sensitive to noise than the TC method.

Article Snippet: Horses were atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The complexity of clinically-normal sinus-rhythm ECGs is decreased in equine athletes with a diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63343-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Behaviour of different complexity estimators in the analysis of equine ECG. In all panels: grey/black bar, the result of ECG granulation to a binary string, where black elements show the unitary values and grey elements show zeros. Other bars show the result of parsing of the binary string (cyan/grey- LZ76; pink/grey - LZ78; orange/grey – Titchener’s complexity). Borders between individual factors detected by the parser are indicated by alternating colours of each bar. Note the absence of unambiguous correlation between waveforms and factors.

Article Snippet: Horses were atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The application of Lempel-Ziv and Titchener complexity analysis for equine telemetric electrocardiographic recordings

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38935-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of signal length on the complexity values returned by different estimators. ( a ) Distribution of complexity values obtained by analysis of different length samples extracted from a 120-sec fragment of telemetric equine ECG recording. Sixty random samples from each of the 15 horses analysed for each strip length. ( b ) Dependence of complexity values normalized to complexity at the maximal strip length (n = 15). ( c ) Effect of sample length on the coefficient of variation of different complexity values (n = 15).

Article Snippet: Each horse was atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Stripping Membranes

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The application of Lempel-Ziv and Titchener complexity analysis for equine telemetric electrocardiographic recordings

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38935-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dependence of ECG complexity on heart rate. ( a ) Representative data from four horses. ( b ) Average data from 51 horses grouped at 5 bpm heart rate ranges; only groups with three or more observations are shown.

Article Snippet: Each horse was atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The application of Lempel-Ziv and Titchener complexity analysis for equine telemetric electrocardiographic recordings

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38935-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Equine ECG complexity analysis method. ( a ) Typical segment of equine ambulatory ECG. Grey, original signal, black – signal after resampling and filtration. ( b ) Conversion of ECG recording to a beat- detection binary string and subsequent complexity analyses. Beat detections shown by vertical grey bars. Decomposition of the resulting beat-detection binary string to the individual factors is indicated by alternating black/white text background. See text for the description of the decomposition methods.

Article Snippet: Each horse was atraumatically fitted with a telemetric ECG recorder (Televet 100, Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Filtration